Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder. Mostly, people suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which happens when there is a physical blockage in the upper airway. Another type is central sleep apnea (CSA) that occurs due to a signaling issue in the nervous system. It is important to understand the main causes of sleep apnea and effectively treat them to avoid further complications such as depression and heart diseases.

1. Causes of obstructive sleep apnea
OSA occurs when the muscles present in the hindmost part of the throat relax. These muscles help to support various parts of the throat, including the soft palate, the tongue, the tonsils, the uvula, and the sidewalls of the throat.  Now when these muscles relax, they constrict the airway as you draw in breath. You cannot breathe adequate air, which lowers the level of oxygen in the blood. As the brain senses this inability, it signals you to wake up from your sleep to reopen the airway.  A lot of people gasp, choke, or snort. This can really trouble you during your sleep, impairing you from reaching the restful phases of sleep.

2. Causes of central sleep apnea
To understand all the main causes of sleep apnea, you must also familiarize yourself with this. Although central sleep apnea is less common in people, it can be extremely distressing.  It occurs when the brain does not convey signals to your breathing muscles. This implies that you make no effort to breathe for a brief period, and consequently, you may wake up with a feeling of breathlessness.

3. Risk factors for sleep apnea
Although it can happen to anyone, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of getting sleep apnea.

• Obesity
  This can be one of the main causes of sleep apnea. Fat collects around the upper airway, which can hamper the breathing process and cause this problem.
• A narrowed airway
  Many people may have a narrow throat that can obstruct the airway. Also, people with thicker necks may have narrower airways as compared to others.
• Gender
  Men, in general, are two times more likely to have sleep apnea as compared to women. However, women who are overweight may also be at risk.
• Family history
  Having family members with sleep apnea may increase your risk of getting it.
• Smoking
  Smokers are much more likely to get obstructive sleep apnea than those who don’t. This is because smoking can lead to inflammation and fluid retention in the upper airway.
• Medical conditions
  People with existing medical problems such as type 2 diabetes, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, or Parkinson’s are at a greater risk. Also, chronic lung conditions such as asthma may increase the risk.

These are some of the main causes of sleep apnea. You must consult a good doctor in case you experience any symptoms.